Indonesia's new 10-year elephant conservation plan estimates 1,325 to 1,648 wild elephants remain, down from a 2007 estimate of 2,400 to 2,800 — a apparent decline of 41 to 45%. Officials insist the lower number reflects better data and methodology rather than an actual population crash.
Nearly all of the animals are critically endangered Sumatran elephants, with only five to 13 Bornean elephants left in Indonesia's portion of that island. Habitat loss from palm oil and pulpwood plantations is cited as the main driver, and only 23% of the remaining elephants live in protected areas.
Even conservationists involved in drafting the plan acknowledge the count required negotiated 'agreement' between groups using inconsistent survey methods, and outside experts say the number should be treated as provisional pending standardized surveys.
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