GAO identified 20 federally funded, state-administered programs — including Medicaid and SNAP — that accounted for $1.1 trillion in federal obligations in fiscal 2025, nearly 90 percent of spending in this category.
Only five of the 20 programs had documented evidence of properly assessing fraud risks; the other 15 did not.
GAO cited specific fraud examples including a $4.3 million airport project with falsified permits, housing vouchers paid for vacant units, and a student aid scheme spanning over 1,200 people across 24 states, alongside an estimated $233 billion to $521 billion lost to fraud annually government-wide.
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