Amid political and economic pressure, Brazil sees a rise in land conflicts and the murders of Indigenous people

Cimi's latest annual report documents 258 Indigenous people murdered in Brazil in 2025, a rise above even the Bolsonaro-era average, with most attacks tied to land conflicts.

The case of Everton Lopes Rodrigues, a 21-year-old Avá Guaraní man found beheaded near an Indigenous territory in Paraná, came with a written threat to burn school buses full of children if communities did not leave the land.

The report also logs rising suicide rates skewed toward the young and child deaths from largely preventable causes, against a backdrop of the 'Marco Temporal' land-claim deadline that Brazil's Supreme Court has twice rejected while leaving parts of the underlying law intact.

Indigenous advocacy groups describe a coordinated legal and political offensive; the government's own 1988 Constitution assigns it the obligation to protect these lands.

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