



A Council on Criminal Justice survey of nearly 50 crime scholars found the steepest U.S. homicide drop on record — down 18.1% in 2025, tying the lowest rate since 1955-56 — can't be pinned on any single cause. The strongest support went to community violence intervention programs, pandemic recovery, and focused deterrence pairing police with social services.
Researchers largely dismissed over half of 48 proposed explanations, including National Guard deployments, increased immigration enforcement, increased pretrial detention, and homeless encampment removals. Presidential public safety signals also landed in the pile of factors judged to have contributed little.
The council stressed these are professional judgments, not definitive findings, and that the decline played out unevenly across cities with very different policies and leadership. Its president called sorting through competing theories essential to sustaining the progress, while acknowledging the country still has plenty left to learn.
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