The Fourth Circuit upheld an injunction blocking DHS's 2025 policy giving agents discretion to conduct immigration enforcement at houses of worship, siding with Quaker, Sikh and Cooperative Baptist groups. The ruling forces DHS back to the 2021 Biden-era policy requiring agency approval before enforcement near churches, except in narrow emergencies.
Judge Barbara Keenan found the groups showed a predictable decline in immigrant attendance following the 2025 memo from then-acting DHS Secretary Benjamine Huffman, rejecting the government's argument that Trump's broader immigration crackdown, not this specific policy, caused the drop. The government had argued the plaintiffs lacked standing and that reinstating the old policy wouldn't fix anything since enforcement inside churches would still be technically possible.
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