Iceland's EU referendum concluded Sunday with 53% opposed to restarting membership negotiations and 47% in favor, a result Prime Minister Kristrún Frostadóttir called requiring respect for all viewpoints. The vote centered on protecting Icelandic control over fisheries, which make up nearly 40% of the country's exports, rather than on regional security concerns following Trump's stated interest in Greenland.
Political scientists interviewed found no evidence of foreign interference in the referendum debate, instead identifying domestic disinformation campaigns as the dominant source of confusion, particularly around fishing policy. Iceland remains embedded in EU structures through the European Economic Area and Schengen despite the no vote, and is a founding NATO member that maintains no military of its own, relying instead on a U.S. defense agreement dating to 1951.
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